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知道自己不知道，也是好事一桩.
“无知”二字，一般人都理解为没有知识。在今天这个信息时代，文化知识显得尤其重要，正如通常所说的那样：知识就是力量，知识就是财富。
For most people, ignorance is generally understood as a lack of knowledge. In the current information era, knowledge seems particularly important. As is often said, knowledge is power, and knowledge is wealth.
在座的都是知识分子，对于世间知识想必不会陌生：学历史的有历史知识，学中文的有文学知识，学哲学的有哲学知识，学生物的有生物知识……掌握这些知识，可以赋予我们生存技能和相关素养，但对了解自我并没有多少切实可行的帮助。换句话说，拥有知识并不等于拥有快乐，也并不等于能远离痛苦。
Everyone here is an intellectual, and you are likely familiar with worldly knowledge. If you study history, you possess historical knowledge; if you study Chinese, you have literary knowledge; if you study philosophy, you have philosophical knowledge; if you study biology, you have biological knowledge. Having this knowledge can equip you with survival skills and relevant competencies, but it offers little practical help in understanding your true self. In other words, having knowledge does not equate to having happiness or being free from suffering.
那么，给生命带来痛苦的无知究竟是什么呢？
So, what is the ignorance that brings suffering to life?
从佛法观点来看，无知就是缺乏透视宇宙人生真相的智慧。对于和我们息息相关的生命，人类几乎一无所知：我们不知道生从何来，死往何去？不知道生命的前因后果。
From the viewpoint of the Dharma, ignorance is a lack of wisdom to see the truth about the universe and life. Regarding life itself, which is ever so close to us, we know almost nothing. We do not know where we came from before birth and where we will go after death. We are unaware of the causes and effects of life.
对于自身的心灵世界，我们同样感到陌生：我们没能力把握心念，时而烦恼，时而欢乐，时而痛苦，时而狂喜……面对这些情绪的变化，我们作为当事者，常常茫然不知所措。
Similarly, we are unfamiliar with our inner world: we lack the ability to control our thoughts. We become overwhelmed by our various moods, such as affliction, joy, pain, and ecstasy now and then. Facing our emotional turmoil, we, as victims, often feel at a loss.
对于生存的世界，人类至今还缺乏足够的了解：宇宙究竟如何形成？地球究竟何时毁灭？在我们认识的事物中，何为虚妄？何为真实？从个体生命，到生命所依存的宇宙，我们的认识极其有限。我们所看到、所了解的只是沧海一粟而已。
Meanwhile, we still lack the understanding of the world we live in. How exactly was the universe formed? When will the Earth be destroyed? Among all the things we know, what is illusion, and what is reality? From the individual life to the universe upon which life depends, what we know is extremely limited. What we see and understand in the universe is merely a drop in the ocean.
错误的观念也是来自无知。由于我们缺乏智慧，就无法对世界和人生形成正确认识，因而颠倒黑白，产生种种错误观念。而观念是指导行为的准则，有什么样的观念，就会有什么样的人生。
Wrong views also arise from ignorance. Lacking wisdom, we cannot form the right views about the world and our lives, confusing right and wrong and producing many wrong views. As views guide our behaviors, our different views will shape different lives we lead.
对于不信因果的无神论者来说，往往会对不法行为心存侥幸，一旦果报成熟，痛苦在所难免。而对于享乐主义者来说，以为人生应该及时行乐，只知奢侈浪费，尽情挥霍。不明白福报是有定限的，就像银行存款一样，支出多少就会减去多少。
For atheists who do not believe in the Law of Cause and Effect, they often take risks with illegal behaviors, hoping to escape the effect. However, once their karmic retribution comes to maturity, suffering is inevitable. As for hedonists, who believe in living for pleasure, they indulge in an extravagant or even wasteful lifestyle. They don’t understand that their blessings are limited, just like a bank account that diminishes with each withdrawal.
同样的道理，我们这一生的福报来自前生的积累，享受一分就损失一分，如果只知挥霍，福报享尽，未来只有在穷困潦倒中度过。所以祖师教导我们：福不可以享受到尽头。假如福报尽了，幸福和快乐的源泉也就枯竭了。
Similarly, the blessings we enjoy in this life come from the accumulation of past lives; enjoying a bit means losing a bit. If one only squanders these blessings, once the blessings are depleted, they will be stricken by poverty in the future. Therefore, the ancient masters instructed us that blessings should not be enjoyed to the fullest. If blessings are used up, the source of happiness and joy will dry up.
摘自《生命的痛苦及其解脱》
作者：济群法师
Excerpted from:
Life’s Suffering and Its Liberation
By Master Jiqun
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